<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><metadata>
<idinfo>
<citation>
<citeinfo>
<origin>State of Utah - Utah Geological Survey (UGS)</origin>
<pubdate>2008</pubdate>
<title>Liquefaction Geologic Hazard St. George - Hurricane Metropolitan Area, Washington County, Utah</title>
<edition>None</edition>
<geoform Sync="TRUE">vector digital data</geoform>
<serinfo>
<sername>UGS Special Study</sername>
<issue>SS 127</issue>
</serinfo>
<pubinfo>
<pubplace>Salt Lake City, UT</pubplace>
<publish>Utah Geological Survey</publish>
</pubinfo>
<othercit>Digital data at 1:24,000</othercit>
<lworkcit>
<citeinfo>
<origin>William R. Lund, Tyler R. Knudsen, Garrett S. Vice, and Lucas Shaw; Utah Geological Survey</origin>
<pubdate>2008</pubdate>
<title>GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND ADVERSE CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS ST. GEORGE - HURRICANE METROPOLITAN AREA, WASHINGTON COUNTY, UTAH</title>
<serinfo>
<sername>UGS Special Study</sername>
<issue>SS 127</issue>
</serinfo>
<pubinfo>
<pubplace>Salt Lake City, UT</pubplace>
<publish>Utah Geological Survey</publish>
</pubinfo>
</citeinfo>
</lworkcit>
<ftname Sync="TRUE">Liquefaction</ftname>
<onlink Sync="FALSE">withheld</onlink>
</citeinfo>
</citation>
<descript>
<abstract>This dataset represents liquefaction geologic hazard St George - Hurricane metropolitan area, Washington County, Utah at a scale of 1:24,000.</abstract>
<purpose>The data can be used for analysis and display at 1:24,000.</purpose>
<supplinf>The purpose of this study is to provide planners and other city and county officials with information on the kind and location of geologic hazards and adverse-construction conditions that may impact existing and future development in the St. George - Hurricane metropolitan area.</supplinf>
<langdata Sync="TRUE">en</langdata>
</descript>
<timeperd>
<timeinfo>
<sngdate>
<caldate>2008</caldate>
</sngdate>
</timeinfo>
<current>publication date</current>
</timeperd>
<status>
<progress>Complete</progress>
<update>None planned</update>
</status>
<spdom>
<bounding>
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<eastbc Sync="TRUE">-113.241079</eastbc>
<northbc Sync="TRUE">37.303247</northbc>
<southbc Sync="TRUE">36.990755</southbc>
</bounding>
<lboundng>
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</lboundng>
</spdom>
<keywords>
<theme>
<themekey>Utah</themekey>
<themekey>geology</themekey>
<themekey>hazards</themekey>
<themekey>liquefaction</themekey>
<themekey>earthquake</themekey>
</theme>
<place>
<placekey>Utah</placekey>
<placekey>St George</placekey>
<placekey>Hurricane</placekey>
<placekey>Washington County</placekey>
</place>
</keywords>
<accconst>None</accconst>
<useconst>
Although this product represents the work of professional scientists, the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geological Survey, makes no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding its suitability for a particular use, and does not guarantee accuracy or completeness of the data. The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geological Survey, shall not be liable under any circumstances for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages with respect to claims by users of this product. For use at 1:24,000 scale only.
Data released to the Receiving Agency (RA) remains the property of the originating data source (see Source_Information) and cannot be reproduced for sale by the RA without the written consent of that data source. Redistribution of datasets unchanged as obtained from UGS and without fee is allowed. Any hardcopies utilizing these data sets shall clearly indicate their source. If the RA has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed on the hardcopy map. RA specifically agrees not to misrepresent these data sets, nor to imply that changes they made were approved by UGS.
</useconst>
<ptcontac>
<cntinfo>
<cntperp>
<cntper>Tyler Knudsen</cntper>
<cntorg>Utah Geological Survey (UGS) - Cedar City Office</cntorg>
</cntperp>
<cntpos>Geologist</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
<address>88 E Fiddler Canyon Rd., Ste. C</address>
<city>Cedar City</city>
<state>UT</state>
<postal>84720</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntaddr>
<address>1594 W North Temple, Suite 3110</address>
<city>Salt Lake City</city>
<state>UT</state>
<postal>84116</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>435-865-9041</cntvoice>
<cntemail>tylerknudsen@utah.gov</cntemail>
</cntinfo>
</ptcontac>
<datacred>GIS Data: Garrett Vice, Tyler Knudsen, Lucas Shaw (UGS)
Project Manager: Gary Christenson, (UGS (Ret.))
Review: Utah Geological Survey</datacred>
<secinfo>
<secsys>None</secsys>
<secclass>Unclassified</secclass>
<sechandl>None</sechandl>
</secinfo>
<native Sync="FALSE">ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350</native>
<natvform Sync="TRUE">Shapefile</natvform>
</idinfo>
<dataqual>
<attracc>
<attraccr>Feature attributes were taken from the source material. Code assignments are believed to be representative of source materials.</attraccr>
</attracc>
<posacc>
<horizpa>
<horizpar>UGS estimates the accuracy to be close to, but not completely conforming to, the 1:24,000 scale UGS standards.</horizpar>
</horizpa>
</posacc>
<lineage>
<procstep>
<procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc>
<srcused Sync="FALSE">withheld</srcused>
<procdate Sync="TRUE">20090730</procdate>
<proctime Sync="TRUE">15520900</proctime>
</procstep>
</lineage>
</dataqual>
<spdoinfo>
<direct Sync="TRUE">Vector</direct>
<ptvctinf>
<sdtsterm Name="Liquefaction">
<sdtstype Sync="TRUE">G-polygon</sdtstype>
<ptvctcnt Sync="TRUE">0</ptvctcnt>
</sdtsterm>
<esriterm Name="Liquefaction">
<efeatyp Sync="TRUE">Simple</efeatyp>
<efeageom Sync="TRUE">Polygon</efeageom>
<esritopo Sync="TRUE">FALSE</esritopo>
<efeacnt Sync="TRUE">0</efeacnt>
<spindex Sync="TRUE">FALSE</spindex>
<linrefer Sync="TRUE">FALSE</linrefer>
</esriterm>
</ptvctinf>
</spdoinfo>
<spref>
<horizsys>
<planar>
<planci>
<plance Sync="TRUE">coordinate pair</plance>
<coordrep>
<absres Sync="TRUE">0.000000</absres>
<ordres Sync="TRUE">0.000000</ordres>
</coordrep>
<plandu Sync="TRUE">meters</plandu>
</planci>
<gridsys>
<gridsysn Sync="TRUE">Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
<utm>
<utmzone Sync="TRUE">12</utmzone>
<transmer>
<sfctrmer Sync="TRUE">0.999600</sfctrmer>
<longcm Sync="TRUE">-111.000000</longcm>
<latprjo Sync="TRUE">0.000000</latprjo>
<feast Sync="TRUE">500000.000000</feast>
<fnorth Sync="TRUE">0.000000</fnorth>
</transmer>
</utm>
</gridsys>
</planar>
<geodetic>
<horizdn Sync="TRUE">North American Datum of 1927</horizdn>
<ellips Sync="TRUE">Clarke 1866</ellips>
<semiaxis Sync="TRUE">6378206.400000</semiaxis>
<denflat Sync="TRUE">294.978698</denflat>
</geodetic>
<cordsysn>
<geogcsn Sync="TRUE">GCS_North_American_1927</geogcsn>
<projcsn Sync="TRUE">NAD_1927_UTM_Zone_12N</projcsn>
</cordsysn>
</horizsys>
<vertdef>
<altsys>
<altres>0.000010</altres>
<altenc>Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</altenc>
</altsys>
</vertdef>
</spref>
<eainfo>
<detailed Name="Liquefaction">
<enttyp>
<enttypl Sync="TRUE">Liquefaction</enttypl>
<enttypt Sync="TRUE">Feature Class</enttypt>
<enttypc Sync="TRUE">0</enttypc>
</enttyp>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Shape</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Feature geometry.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<udom>Coordinates defining the features.</udom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Shape_Area</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Area of feature in internal units squared.</attrdef>
<attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<udom>Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.</udom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl Sync="TRUE">FID</attrlabl>
<attalias Sync="TRUE">FID</attalias>
<attrtype Sync="TRUE">String</attrtype>
<attwidth Sync="TRUE">50</attwidth>
<attrdef Sync="TRUE">Internal feature number.</attrdef>
<attrdefs Sync="TRUE">ESRI</attrdefs>
<attrdomv>
<udom Sync="TRUE">Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</udom>
</attrdomv>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>UNIT</attrlabl>
<attrdef>UGS 1:24,000-scale geologic map units</attrdef>
<attrtype Sync="TRUE">String</attrtype>
<attwidth Sync="TRUE">50</attwidth>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl>Class</attrlabl>
<attrdef>Liquefaction-susceptibility category</attrdef>
<attrtype Sync="TRUE">Float</attrtype>
<attwidth Sync="TRUE">19</attwidth>
<atnumdec Sync="TRUE">11</atnumdec>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl Sync="TRUE">class</attrlabl>
<attalias Sync="TRUE">class</attalias>
<attrtype Sync="TRUE">Float</attrtype>
<attwidth Sync="TRUE">19</attwidth>
<atnumdec Sync="TRUE">11</atnumdec>
</attr>
<attr>
<attrlabl Sync="TRUE">Shape_Leng</attrlabl>
<attalias Sync="TRUE">Shape_Leng</attalias>
<attrtype Sync="TRUE">Double</attrtype>
<attwidth Sync="TRUE">19</attwidth>
<atprecis Sync="TRUE">0</atprecis>
<attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale>
</attr>
</detailed>
<overview>
<dsoverv>Liquefaction and liquefaction-induced ground failures are major causes of earthquake damage (Keller and Blodgett, 2006). Upon liquefaction, a soil loses its strength and ability to support the weight of overlying structures or sediments. Liquefaction chiefly occurs in areas where ground water is &lt; 50 feet deep, when a water-saturated, cohesionless soil is subjected to strong ground shaking (Seed, 1979; Martin and Lew, 1999).
Liquefaction and liquefaction-induced ground failure can have four major adverse effects: (1) foundations may crack, (2) buildings may tip, (3) buoyant buried structures, such as septic tanks and storage tanks, may rise, and (4) liquefied soils and overlying materials may move down even gentle slopes. </dsoverv>
<eaover>We used information about the age, textural characteristics (grain size and sorting), cementation of unconsolidated geologic deposits, the presence of shallow (&lt; 50 ft) ground water in those units, and the liquefaction response of similar units in historical earthquakes to prepare a Liquefaction-Hazard Map (plate 2) for the study area. Descriptions of the liquefaction-hazard categories are presented below, and table 1 shows the liquefaction hazard of unconsolidated Quaternary geologic units in the study area.
VH Geologic units that liquefied during the 1992 St. George, Utah, M L 5.8 earthquake, and consist of well-sorted sands, silty sands, and gravels along modern stream drainages and young alluvial terraces where depth to ground water is &lt; 10 feet. H High - Geologic units that consist of well-sorted sands, silty sands, and gravels where depth to ground water is &lt; 50 feet. None of these units are known to have liquefied during the 1992 St. George earthquake. H2 High2 - Geologic units with textural characteristics of the High category, but ground-water information is lacking. M Moderate - Geologic units that consist of moderately sorted sands, silty sands, and gravels where depth to ground water is &lt; 50 feet.
M2 Moderate2 - Geologic units with textural characteristics of the Moderate category, but ground-water information is lacking. L Low - Geologic units that consist of moderately to poorly sorted sands and gravels where depth to ground water is &lt; 50 feet. Liquefaction hazard is considered low in these units because of their textural characteristics and/or degree of cementation. L2	Geologic units with textural characteristics of the Low category, but ground-water information is lacking. Unclassified areas on the Liquefaction-Hazard Map (plate 2) include unconsolidated Quaternary and Tertiary geologic units with textural or cementation characteristics that generally preclude liquefaction, areas where depth to ground water is &gt; 50 feet, and areas where bedrock crops out. These geologic units are considered to have no liquefaction hazard; however, small areas of liquefaction hazard too small to show at the scale of this study may exist locally within unclassified areas of the map.
</eaover>
</overview>
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<cntorg>Utah Geological Survey</cntorg>
<cntper>Geologic Hazards Program</cntper>
</cntorgp>
<cntpos>GIS Analyst</cntpos>
<cntaddr>
<addrtype>1594 West North Temple Suite 3110</addrtype>
<city>Salt Lake City</city>
<state>UT</state>
<postal>84116</postal>
<country>USA</country>
</cntaddr>
<cntvoice>801-537-3386</cntvoice>
<cntvoice>801-538-4810</cntvoice>
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